Water
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The two main techniques that we use are surge analysis and dynamic simulation. Surge pressures occur whenever the flowrate is increased or reduced, but are usually most severe during start-up and shutdown. High and low surge pressures can occur and these pressure are normally the highest and lowest ever experienced in the system and so are the design case for the design pressure, the thrust blocks air valve selection and frequently contamination issues. Controls, variable speed drives, pressure reducing valves are a few examples of equipment that only operates during transient conditions such as start-up and shutdown and so these can only be studied and specified by using dynamic simulation technology. Simulation technology is now being used to improve efficiency and reduce the carbon footprint. A tried and trusting process enables our clients to quickly find out how we can help.
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